FUENTESAUCO A MEDIADOS DEL SIGLO XIX

Little or nothing has been investigated on the past historical of the saucano council, and little they are also the publications on the villa. The first news which we have found on Fuentesaúco is a 1128 document in which Alfonso VII and his Berenguela wife grant the boundary of the same name to the bishop of Bernardine Zamora, that few years later, in 1133, granted law to its settlers.

Also with the purpose of favoring its repoblación Alfonso IX in 1224 it exempts of all chest to which they go to populate Fuentesaúco. The importance that from then the villa it acquires is going to be reason for conflict by the limits of his I finish between its gentleman, the bishop and, the council of Toro.

It is in a 1251 document when he appears mentioned the council for the first time of Fuentesaúco like legal person. The document at issue is an agreement that the bishop of Zamora D. Pedro subscribes, in which they decide what, how and how much there are to dezmar his inhabitants, as well as the loads with which would be to contribute for the construction and maintenance of the castle and church. Agreements that would extend in 1259 bishop D. Suero, regulating the use and advantage of waters of the term. This zamorano prelate will be able the real favor to increase his señorío on the villa and term, which will give rise to new territorial conflicts with the toresano council. Their successors increased their patrimony buying grounds of houses and heredades and obtained for their vasallos new fiscal exemptions. These and other circumstances determined the growth of the villa during all the low average age, growth that extended until the last decades of century XVI.

In this century the villa possibly vivó, like all Castile, its better moment, confirms its demographic importance, every time it becomes the nucleus but populated with the zone after Toro. Fuentesaúco counted on two churches: old of Sta. the Maria of the Castle, raised in the middle of S. XIII, and the one of San Juan Baptist, founded by the bishop Juan de Meneses on 1491, although its construction was delayed until the last third of century XVI, coming to ruin itself at the beginning of century XVII. This prelate favored to the villa in which he resided, improving his streets and constructing to sources and wells. Of its economic growth in century XVI they also give to account the foundation of a convent of clarisas in 1538 by D. Juan of Leon, of the pósito of the villa in 1541 by the Antonio archdeacon Rodriguez, and of the Hospital of San Salvador.

During the reign of Felipe II the villa was snatched to the episcopal and sold camera, and although it exerted the rough estimate right and it tried to redeem itself to consists d to mortgage its own ones, finally it could not pay the exemption and it happened to hands of the toresana family of the Deza and A'guila, origin of future county that Felipe III granted to D. Pedro de Leza and Guzmán the 18 of November of 1612. Their new owners, who were it also of the villas of the Caves of Guadarroman, castle and strength of Gorgojuela, Villaguer, Torrijos, Pigeon houses, Salteras and Mairena, as well as Marquesses of Jódar and Guadalcazar, although neighboring of Cordova, exerted señorío jurisdictional until their disappearance at the beginning of century XIX. In the Fuentesaúco civilian he comprised of the province of Toro, and in the monks she was vicar and arciprestazgo of the diocese of Zamora. In century XVIII he counted on administration of Rents of Tobacco and Salt mines, and office of mortgages for all the towns of Val de Guareña. The decimonónica administrative division made of the villa Head of Judicial Party, integrated by twenty-four towns, being constructed to the effect jail.

On the municipal organization we have data solely to century XVI According to municipal ordinances composed the saucano council, from old, the following magistratures: two ordinary mayors of cadañera election, six regidores - although regidurías were perpetual - and four twelve solicitors also chosen for a year. This regiment was ordinarily united three days to the week, Tuesday, Thursday and Saturdays and extraordinarily whenever it was precise. Their agreements had to be seated by the notary public of the bound book Council, although the experience says to us that this practice was not fulfilled. In addition to the mentioned magistratures the decrees recognize different officials from the service of the council like the butlers in charge to receive the rents of the own ones, chests, special taxes and services of Their Majesty, the doormen, the butler of the panera, executors of pains, accountant, lawyers, messengers, jailer, pregoneros, runner, guards etc. Consistorio also had faculty to name the butlers of the parochial ones of Santa Maria and San Juan, the one of the hermitage of San Pedro extrawalls and the demandaderos for the bores and the poor men. With respect to the justice administration it is necessary to say that they exerted the mayors, who did public hearing Mondays, Wednesday and Friday of every week, and the mayor greater than also he celebrated hearing Tuesdays, Thursday and Saturdays. To them they are forced to attend the notary publics public. To the defense of the lawsuits of the Council it had lawyers and solicitadores. Activity also reserved to the Council was the appointment of veedores of cloth, shoemakers, holes, tailors, chandlers, sombrereros and hosiers who represented the modest list of menestrales and existing offices in the villa.

Extract of the book "inventory of the municipal file of Fuentesaúco" of Jose Andres Casquero Fernandez

In the reign of Carlos lV sends the real order of 28 of August of 1,797 on the necessity to have information on the state of the Provinces of the Kingdom, that from 1787 of had not renewed.

The 16 of October of same the 1,797, made the study, give to faith of same ordinary mayors D. Manuel Hidalgo of Valley and D. Miguel Corrals Orchard, aúnense D. Rafael Antonio Sanchez, and on the part of the parish of Santa Maria, ecónomo D. Serafín Aviles, by the one of San Juan parish priest D. Francisco Antonio Sendin.

Source of the Elder is Villa. Dista six leguas of the Head of Party, other six of the Capital of Province and thirty and three of the Court. Señorío is secular.

There is one marries consistorial, jail, a hospital, panera of positos, Real Weight, five mills, a slaughter, a slaughter house, three houses inns and two figones.

MEN

FEMALES

Up to 7 years-270

of 7 to 16---------------192

of 16 to 25-------------122

of 25 to 40--------------28

of 40 to 50---------------4

of 50 to 60---------------7

of 60 to 70---------------2

of 70 to 80---------------1

Up to 7 years-224

of 7 to 16---------------141

of 16 to 25--------------36

of 25 to 40--------------18

of 40 to 50---------------3

of 50 to 60---------------0

of 60 to 70---------------0

of 70 to 80---------------1

MARRIED POPULATION

MEN

FEMALES

of 16 to 25--------------26

of 25 to 40-------------175

of 40 to 50-------------125

of 50 to 60--------------62

of 60 to 70--------------37

of 70 to 80--------------14

of 80 to 90---------------1

of 16 to 25--------------47

of 25 to 40-------------197

of 40 to 50-------------105

of 50 to 60--------------55

of 60 to 70--------------28

of 70 to 80---------------4

of 80 to 90---------------0

POPULATION WIDOW

MEN

FEMALES

of 16 to 25----------------0

of 25 to 40----------------1

of 40 to 50----------------4

of 50 to 60---------------12

of 60 to 70----------------6

of 70 to 80----------------9

of 80 to 90----------------3

of 16 to 25---------------1

of 25 to 40---------------9

of 40 to 50--------------13

of 50 to 60--------------24

of 60 to 70--------------16

of 70 to 80--------------15

of 80 to 90---------------1

TOTAL POPULATION

Continuous the questionnaire and facilitates but data to us:

It says that there are two parishes, a convent, two hermitages, two parish priests, eight chaplains, diácono, subdiácono, five ordered, two with ecclesiastical rents and three for a reason or purpose of insufficiency.

There are two sacristans and two molarcillos, also thirteen Clear nuns of whole veil, three you bequeath, two monks of the same order and a relative of Santo Oficio.

It says to have ten milicianos soldiers. As far as I exercise of sea and earth: two retired officials, three retired sergeants, and three distant soldiers also.

There is two notary publics, three lawyers a bailiff, a doorman and a minister; two doctors, two surgeons, two druggists, three albéitares; there are three greater and smaller merchants of short organization, one hundred two farmers with oxen, cavalries, and eleven pure renters with two hundred thirty and two day laborers. There are no cattle dealers who are not farmers but there are seventeen shepherds.

There are two confectioners and two apprentices, a locksmith, three horseshoers and an apprentice; three chocolate tailors, five shoemakers, two manufacturers and two potters; he says to have six manufacturers of brandy.

There are also two cuberos, four bricklayers, three weavers, two harineros, a tejero and four market gardeners.

Description of Fuentesaúco in Geogra'fico-Estadi'stico-Histo'rico the overseas DICTIONARY of SPAIN and its possessions. By Pascual Madoz . (Madrid 1,845 - 1,850)

Municipality with city council, head of the judicial party of its name, dependent field post office of the one of Medina of the Field, in the province and diocese of Zamora (7 leguas.), aud. terr. and c.g. of Valladolid (14).

It is had on the road from Galicia to Salamanca to UNDER de the Toro, in a depth surrounded of height throughout except by the N. Combátele specially the winds of this point and Or, although the Galician colds do not let bother once in a while.

Its climate therefore is cold, dark its sky by the fog that often appear and humid; despite this he is enough healthy, seeing itself, many subjects to happen of the octogenaria age; the only common disease is the terciana and some enarlana that another one.

The villa of one 700 houses, generally of two floors, some very decent and all with warehouses, almost distributed in several streets and seats consists; formerly it was walled with 4 doors for the entrance of the respective ways of Salamanca, Toro, Zamora and Peñaranda. There is a school of first letters equipped with 300 ducados, which they attend about 180 children of both sexes; house of city council of very good forms; exconvento of nuns clarisas, that nowadays serves as: jail, tahona and panera; two sources in very good outskirts the called Cohahices of and abundant waters that impel the wheels of a harinero mill located to about 300 passages to the south of the population and another denominated source Carrejano; 3 tree-lined avenues (Doña Ana, Rabonera and the Quintera); two parochial churches (Santa Maria and San Juan), served by its respective priests parish priests, both of first ascent and real and ordinary provision; a hermitage dedicated to Our Mrs. of the Old Pattern of Villa; there were two hospitals, one or demolished that were known with the name of Angustias or San Salvador, and another existing one at the moment that is called San Pedro; their rents consist of 31 fanegas of wheat and 320 real ones; it is of blood, and their patronos are nowadays the family Queen and You cold, neighbor of Source the Rock; its foundation is of does about 30 years.

It borders to the North on the one of Villamor of the Escuderos; to the East with the Source the Rock; to the South With Villaescusa and New Village of Figueroa; to the West with Villamor and Topas, to 2 leguas most distant. In the term are the houses of the Quintana, Guarratino, Council, Rabonero and Camino de Zamora where there is a hermitage.

Are fertile and of first class, specially the one of the contiguous fertile valleys to the population that fertilize waters of the stream that forms of the Cohahices sources and other springs. There is little mount; only in the way that goes to Source the Rock sees one place setting of elm trees and ashs; nevertheless, they do not lack trees in some possessions without counting the two tree-lined avenues that are by the North door and the West of Villa.

In addition to the main ways of Salamanca, Zamora, Toro and Peñaranda, receive the correspondence of the field post office main of Medina of the Field Sundays, Wednesday and Friday at night and leave Tuesdays, Thursday and Friday to six of afternoon.

Los principales productos son los el vino y los garbanzos tan famosos en todas partes ; sin embargo en otros pueblos de la comarca se cogen también buenos, aunque no tanto ni de tan buena calidad; sigue luego el trigo, la cebada, algarrobas, centeno, legumbres y hortalizas; de todo lo cual se coge lo necesario y aun sobrante para el consumo se la Villa. Se cría ganado vacuno, lanar, de cerda, caballar y asnal; se caza liebre, codornices, perdices y conejos.

Hay una fábrica de aguardiente, 4 molinos harineros (Concejo, Raboner, Guarratino y Camino de Zamora).

Se exporta aguardiente, vino y garbanzos. Se celebra un mercado semanal todos los martes de año muy concurrido especialmente de octubre a mayo, también se celebra una feria anual el Iº de noviembre llamada feria de los Santos y que llama a gentes de las provincias limítrofes.

Es tal la diversidad de nombre de esta Villa que además de los puestos al principio se ve escritas en algunas partes: Fuentelsaúco, Fuente del Saúco o del Sabuco, siendo general en muchos de los habitantes del país en llamarle sólo La Fuente.

MEN	WOMEN
1071	938
TOTAL	2,009 Inhabitants